Working Principles Of Mining Machinery

According to the different types of mining machinery, their working principles also have their own characteristics. A rock drill is a mechanical device used to drill blast holes with a diameter of 20-100 millimeters and a depth of less than 20 meters in medium to hard rocks. Open pit drilling machines are divided into wire rope impact drilling machines, down hole drilling machines, rotary drilling machines, and rotary drilling machines according to their different working mechanisms for crushing ore. Among them, wire rope impact drilling machines have gradually been replaced by other drilling machines due to their low efficiency.
Excavation machinery is a mechanical equipment that uses the axial pressure and rotational force of cutting tools to generate rolling action on the rock surface, directly crushing the ore and rock into tunnels or wells. The tools used include disc cutters, wedge cutters, ball cutters, and milling cutters. According to the different types of excavation tunnels, they can be further divided into courtyard drilling machines, vertical drilling machines, and level tunnel excavation machines.
A centrifugal beneficiation machine is a mechanical device used to recover metal particles from fine ore slurry, mainly composed of a main engine and a control mechanism. In the centrifugal force field generated by the high-speed rotation of the main cone drum, heavy ore particles deposit on the drum wall to become concentrate, while light ore particles attach to the surface of the concentrate and are discharged from the drum by the action of a flow film (slurry flow), becoming tailings.
A magnetic separator is a mechanical device that utilizes the magnetic differences of various minerals and uses magnetic and mechanical forces to separate minerals. The magnetic separator consists of a magnetic system, a sorting device, a feeding and discharging device. There are many types of magnetic separators, mainly including permanent magnet cylindrical magnetic separators, electromagnetic flat ring strong magnetic separators, and high gradient strong magnetic separators.
A flotation machine is a mechanical device that uses the differences in physical and chemical properties on the surface of ore particles to separate fine-grained minerals. The mineral particle flotation machine is equipped with flotation reagents, which rely on compressed air or mechanical stirring to attach mineral particles that are not easily wetted by water to bubbles (positive flotation method), rise to the liquid level, and discharge them as concentrate through the discharge device. Mineral particles that are easily wetted by water are left in the tank as tailings for discharge.
The concentrate obtained from wet beneficiation needs to be treated by dewatering machinery to separate solid and liquid. Dehydration machinery can be divided into thickeners, filters, centrifugal dehydrators, and dryers.