Excavator Structure Composition

Common excavator structures include power devices, working devices, rotary mechanisms, control mechanisms, transmission mechanisms, walking mechanisms, and auxiliary facilities.
The transmission mechanism transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other executing components through a hydraulic pump, driving the working device to move and completing various tasks.
Walking device
The walking device, also known as the chassis, includes a track frame and a walking system, mainly composed of a track frame, a walking motor+reducer and its pipelines, driving wheels, guide wheels, carrier wheels, supporting wheels, tracks, and tensioning buffer devices. Its function is to support the weight of the excavator and convert the power transmitted by the driving wheels into traction, achieving the walking of the entire machine.
The frame assembly (i.e. the track walking frame assembly) is an integral welded component with an X-shaped structure, which has the main advantage of high load-bearing capacity. The frame assembly is welded from three parts: the left longitudinal beam (i.e. the left track frame), the main frame (i.e. the middle frame), and the right longitudinal beam (i.e. the right track frame). The weight of the frame assembly is 2 tons.
The central rotary joint is a hydraulic component that connects the rotary platform and the chassis oil circuit. It ensures that the walking motor can still distribute oil normally after the rotary platform rotates at any angle. The current rotary joint is a 5-way joint.
Working device
The working device is the main component of hydraulic excavators. Currently, SY series excavators are equipped with a backhoe working device, which is mainly used to excavate soil below the parking surface. However, it can also excavate soil below the maximum cutting height. In addition to digging pits, trenching, and loading, it can also perform simple site leveling work. Excavation operations are suitable for excavating soil of grades I to IV, and for grades V and above, hydraulic hammers or blasting methods are required.
The backhoe working device consists of a boom, a stick, a bucket, a rocker, a connecting rod, and hydraulic pipelines for the working device, including boom cylinders, stick cylinders, and bucket cylinders.
Power transmission route table
1. Power transmission route for walking: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted into hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - central rotary joint - walking motor (hydraulic energy converted into mechanical energy) - gearbox - driving wheel - rail chain track - achieving walking
2. Transmission route of rotary motion: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted into hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - rotary motor (hydraulic energy converted into mechanical energy) - gearbox - rotary support - achieving rotation
3. Transmission route of boom motion: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted into hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - boom cylinder (hydraulic energy converted into mechanical energy) - achieving boom motion
4. Transmission route of stick movement: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted into hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - stick cylinder (hydraulic energy converted into mechanical energy) - achieving stick movement
5. Bucket motion transmission route: diesel engine - coupling - hydraulic pump (mechanical energy converted into hydraulic energy) - distribution valve - bucket cylinder (hydraulic energy converted into mechanical energy) - achieving bucket motion
The composition and function of the power system
·Air intake system - mesh cover - rubber hose - air filter - rubber hose - turbocharger - rubber hose - intercooler - rubber hose - engine
·Exhaust system - turbocharger - expansion joint - muffler - exhaust pipe
·Cooling system - water tank - rubber hose - thermostat - water pump - diesel engine - rubber hose - water tank
·Accelerator control system - stepper motor - gearbox - worm gear transmission - throttle cable - diesel engine throttle - high idle and low idle limit switches
·Fuel system--
Oil inlet system: fuel tank → rubber hose → hand pump → coarse filter → fine filter → diesel engine
Return oil system: diesel engine → rubber hose → fuel tank (return oil volume is relatively large, used for partial cooling)